Non-ventricular, Clinical, and Functional Features of the RyR2 Mutation Causing Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction and objectives: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a malignant disease, due to mutations in proteins controlling Ca homeostasis. While the phenotype is characterized by polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias under stress, supraventricular arrhythmias may occur and are not fully characterized. Methods: Twenty-five relatives from a Spanish family with several sudden deaths were evaluated with electrocardiogram, exercise testing, and optional epinephrine challenge. Selective RyR2 sequencing in an affected individual and cascade screening in the rest of the family was offered. The RyR2 mutation was generated in HEK-293 cells using site-directed mutagenesis to conduct in vitro functional studies. Results: The exercise testing unmasked catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in 8 relatives (sensitivity = 89%; positive predictive value = 100%; negative predictive value = 93%), all of them carrying the heterozygous RyR2mutation, which was also present in the proband and a young girl without exercise testing, a 91% penetrance at the end of the follow-up. Remarkably, sinus bradycardia, atrial and junctional arrhythmias, and/or giant post-effort U-waves were identified in patients. Upon permeabilization and in intact cells, the RyR2 expressing cells showed a smaller peak of Ca release than RyR2 wild-type cells. However, at physiologic intracellular Ca concentration, equivalent to the diastolic cytosolic concentration, the RyR2 released more Ca and oscillated faster than RyR2 wild-type cells. Conclusions: The missense RyR2mutation was identified in the N-terminus of the RyR2 gene in this highly symptomatic family. Remarkably, this mutation is associated with sinus bradycardia, atrial and junctional arrhythmias, and giant U-waves. Collectively, functional heterologous expression studies suggest that the RyR2 behaves as an aberrant channel, as a lossor gain-of-function mutation depending on cytosolic intracellular Ca concentration. 2014 Sociedad Española de Cardiologı́a. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved. Rasgos no ventriculares, clı́nicos y funcionales de la mutación RyR2 causante de taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica Palabras clave: Calcio Muerte súbita Canales iónicos Receptor 2 de rianodina Genética Electrocardiografı́a R E S U M E N Introducción y objetivos: La taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica es una enfermedad maligna que se debe a mutaciones en las proteı́nas que controlan la homeostasis del Ca. Aunque el fenotipo se caracteriza por arritmias ventriculares polimórficas desencadenadas por el estrés, no se han caracterizado plenamente las arritmias supraventriculares que en ocasiones las acompañan. Métodos: Veinticinco miembros de una familia española en la que habı́a habido varias muertes súbitas fueron evaluados mediante electrocardiograma, pruebas de esfuerzo y prueba de desenmascaramiento con adrenalina opcionalmente. Se realizó secuenciación selectiva de RyR2 en un miembro afectado y un cribado en cascada al resto de la familia. Se generó la mutación RyR2 en células HEK-293 mediante mutagénesis dirigida, con objeto de realizar estudios funcionales in vitro. Resultados: Las pruebas de esfuerzo desenmascararon taquicardia ventricular polimórfica catecolaminérgica en 8 familiares (sensibilidad del 89%; valor predictivo positivo del 100%; valor predictivo * Corresponding author: Servicio de Cardiologı́a, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Torre F 48 planta, Bulevar Sur s/n, 46026 Valencia, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (E. Zorio). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2014.04.023 1885-5857/ 2014 Sociedad Española de Cardiologı́a. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved. D. Domingo et al. / Rev Esp Cardiol. 2015;68(5):398–407 399 Document downloaded from http://www.revespcardiol.org, day 20/06/2017. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited. negativo del 93%), todos ellos portadores de una mutación heterocigota RyR2, que estaba presente también en el caso probando y en una chica joven sin prueba de esfuerzo, lo que corresponde a una penetrancia del 91% al final del seguimiento. Es de destacar que en los pacientes se identificó bradicardia sinusal, arritmias auriculares y de la unión y/u ondas U gigantes tras esfuerzo. Tras la permeabilización y en las células intactas, las células que expresaban RyR2 mostraron un pico de liberación de Ca menor que el de las células RyR2 no mutado o wild-type. Sin embargo, a una concentración de Ca intracelular fisiológica, equivalente a la concentración citosólica diastólica, las células RyR2 liberaban más Ca y oscilaban con mayor rapidez que las células con RyR2 no mutado o wild-type. Conclusiones: La mutación missense RyR2 se identificó en el extremo aminoterminal del gen RyR2 en esta familia muy sintomática. Es de destacar que esta mutación se asocia a bradicardia sinusal, arritmias auriculares y de la unión y ondas U gigantes. En conjunto, los estudios de expresión heteróloga funcional indican que la mutación RyR2 causa un comportamiento aberrante del canal, con pérdida o ganancia de función, según cuál sea la concentración de Ca intracelular citosólica. 2014 Sociedad Española de Cardiologı́a. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.
منابع مشابه
Non-ventricular, Clinical, and Functional Features of the RyR2(R420Q) Mutation Causing Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a malignant disease, due to mutations in proteins controlling Ca(2+) homeostasis. While the phenotype is characterized by polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias under stress, supraventricular arrhythmias may occur and are not fully characterized. METHODS Twenty-five relatives from a Spanish family with several s...
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